The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is considered a serious public health threat with use of antimicrobials in animals considered as one of the potential risk factors. In the Netherlands, veterinary use of antimicrobials (AMU) has been decreased substantially in the last decade and gradually the focus shifts to ‘prudent use’: reduction and refinement of AMU. To achieve 'prudent use' in practice, among others evidence-based treatment guidelines are required and therefore knowledge on prevalences of AMR in animal pathogens is pivotal. One of the aims of this project was to aggregate existing antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for different animal species/bacterial species combinations in the time period from 2016 up to (including) 2020 in MIC distributions. Additional analyses, to evaluate representativeness and reliability of the aggregrated AST results are not shown here but are reported seperately in the final ZonMw report.
To obtain aggregated AST results (MIC (Minimal Inhibitory Concentration) distributions) for different, pathogenic bacterial species from pigs, poultry, veal calves, dogs and cats were extracted from the Laboratory Information Management Systems (LIMS) of GD (pigs, poultry, veal calves) and of VMDC/UU (dogs and cats), from January 2016 to January 2021. Actual bacteriological culture and AST of bacterial isolates were not part of this project.
Upon extraction of MIC values from the LIMS of Royal GD and VMDC/UU, datasets of MIC values were validated and next, STATA 15.1 (StataCorp, 2017) was used for calculation of MIC50 (the lowest concentration that inhibits growth of 50% of the isolates) and MIC90 (the lowest concentration that inhibits growth of 90% of the isolates) values, calculation of percentages susceptible isolates and percentages resistant isolates and the resistance confidence interval, creation of MIC distributions for each bacterial species/animal species combination.
This data package contains MIC distributions over time period 2016 - 2019 and 2020 (separately) from:
- Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Streptococcus suis isolates originating from pig (samples)
- Escherichia coli isolates originating from poultry (broilers)
- Salmonella dublin and Salmonella Typhimurium isolates originating from veal calves
- Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates originating from dogs
- Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus spp. originating from cats
